40 Gigabit Fiber Patch Cables, 40 Gigabit Fiber Patch Cable-Sizes available from 3 meters to 300 Meters-Our new 40 Gigabit Fiber Patch Cables and 40 Gigabit Fiber Optic Patch Cable are made by Fiberon and other labs under the strictest guidelines for use in the most demanding data centers and bandwidth environments. Please call us at (866) 342-3721 (866) FIBER-21 for the latest pricing and availability. Our 40 gigabit fiber jumpers will provide the bandwidth and throughput required for many data center facilities and colocations + ISP's that house the latest gigabit switches that need the tranport medium the 40 gigabit fiber jumpers can deliver. Please call us for the standard lengths and custom 40 gigabit fiber jumpers you require.One of the choices data centers must consider when migrating to 40/100G Ethernet is whether to use fiber or copper cabling. Based on what I’ve seen, fiber will be the primary cabling type. The IEEE 802.3ba standard for 40/100G Ethernet states a maximum distance of 7M to run 40/100G, and that will be using “active” cables. (An active cable is a cable with a transceiver hard-wired to it.) This limitation rules out copper as a primary medium of transport.Cost is, of course, key factor here – which makes multi-mode fiber an attractive option. Single-mode fiber is cheaper, but the transceivers are very expensive. Overall, a multi-mode link is projected to be about half the cost of a single-mode. This cost delta is based largely on the expensive lasers required for single-mode transmission. The link distances for multi-mode fiber running 40/100G Ethernet is 100M using OM3 fiber, and 150M using OM4. Since roughly 90% of data center link distances are within the multi-mode distance limitation, the 40 gigabit fiber solution looks ideal.
Because of this, it is evident that multi-mode fiber will be the predominant cabling of choice for these higher network speeds. Single-mode will be used only when necessary, and copper could potentially be utilized in specialized areas where short link distances occur. Another consideration for copper: copper transceivers will utilize more power.Choosing your cabling infrastructure is a critical decision for any data center team, but there is a wealth of information out there ), and we would suggest doing a little research until you feel comfortable with your decision. Please give us a call at 866-342-3721 to get the latest pricing.
History of 40 Gigabit Fiber Cable/100 Gigabit Fiber CableTransport:
100 Gigabit Ethernet (or 100GbE) and 40 Gigabit Ethernet (or 40GbE) are high-speed computer network standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).[1] They support sending Ethernet frames at 40 and 100 gigabits per second over multiple 10 Gbit/s or 25 Gbit/s lanes. Previously, the fastest published Ethernet standard was 10 Gigabit Ethernet. They were first studied in November 2007, proposed as IEEE 802.3ba in 2008, and ratified in June 2010. Another variant was added in March 2011.The purpose of this project is to extend the 802.3 protocol to operating speeds of 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s in order to provide a significant increase in bandwidth while maintaining maximum compatibility with the installed base of 802.3 interfaces, previous investment in research and development, and principles of network operation and management. The project is to provide for the interconnection of equipment satisfying the distance requirements of the intended applications.
The 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet standards encompass a number of different Ethernet physical layer (PHY) specifications. A networking device may support different PHY types by means of pluggable modules. Optical modules are not standardized by any official standards body but are in multi-source agreements (MSAs). One agreement that supports 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet is the C Form-factor Pluggable (CFP) MSA which was adopted for distances of 100+ meters. QSFP and CXP connector modules support shorter distances.
The standard supported only full-duplex operationOther electrical objectives include:
Preserve the 802.3 / Ethernet frame format utilizing the 802.3 MAC
Preserve minimum and maximum FrameSize of current 802.3 standard
Support a bit error ratio (BER) better than or equal to 10-12 at the MAC/PLS service interface
Provide appropriate support for OTN
Support MAC data rates of 40 and 100 Gbit/s
Provide Physical Layer specifications (PHY) for operation over single-mode optical fiber (SMF), laser optimized multi-mode optical fiber (MMF) OM3 and OM4, copper cable assembly, and backplane.
This product is a high data rate parallel active optical cable (AOC), to overcome the bandwidth limitation of traditional copper cable.
QSFP (Quad SFP) connectors provide four channels of data in one pluggable interface.
Each channel is capable of transferring data at 10Gbps and supports a total of 40Gbps as specified for QSFP+. These interconnects have three times the density of SFP+ interconnects(MSA). It has been designed to meet the harshest external operating conditions including temperature, humidity and EMI interference.
40G Ethernet
Infiniband QDR
4G/8G/10G Fiber Channel
High Performance Computing Clusters
High End Servers
Metro Network Switch/Cross Connect
Specifications
Parameters
Unit
Value
Number of Lanes
4 Tx & 4 Rx
Date Rate, each Lane
Gb/s
10.5
Maximum Aggregate Data Rate
Gb/s
42.0
Bit Error Ratio
GHz
<10 -12
Interface
Serial, I2C-based (defined by the QSFP MSA)
Power Consumption, each terminal
W
0.8
Operation Temperature
°C
0~+70
Storage Temperature
°C
-40~+85
Relative Humidity (non-condensation)
%
0~ ≥85
• Specifications may change without notice. Display Product Photos Shown are samples for viewing, not actual products.
OM 4 Fiber Optic Jumper PRICING BELOW
- We carry Thousands of types and lengths- Most OM 4 fiber optic jumpers are Custom-Made in USA! Ship Same or Next Day! Ask How To Save 10% On Your First Order!Our fiber cables meet the new TIA TIA-492AAAD StandardFor OM 4 Transmission required in Data Centers
American
Tech Supply stocks thousands of OM 4 fiber optic jumpers, OM 3 fiber jumpers along with singlemode
fiber optic assemblies and multimode fiber optic assemblies and multimode fiber optic jumpers in most types including ST OM 4 patch cables, LC OM 4 patch cords, SC )M 4 fiber jumpers , FC OM 4 fiber patch cords , and MTRJ OM 4 patch cables along with a complete supply of OM1, OM 2 and OM 3 multimode fiber patch cords
along with a complete assortment of MPO and MTP multimode fiber optic patch cords including multiple combination of 12 and 24 fiber LC multimode, SC multimode jumpers, and ST multimode jumpers and adapters. We stock one of the largest inventories of singlemode fiber optic assemblies and multimode assemblies in the United States. Our singlemode
jumpers, single mode patch cables and single mode assemblies come are available
in a variety of sizes or lengths up to 5000 feet.
Feature: Constructed with Corning® Clearcurve® OM4 glass OR EQUIVALENT (Please advise if Conring required -will require longer lead time) for laser optimized 10G, 40G and 100G OM4 networks. Assembled with uniboot LC connectors for high density data center environment. It can reduce bulk cabling by 50% with 2mm duplex round cord. Each assembly is 100% factory tested to meet Bellcore GR-326 and TIA/EIA standard with maximum insertion loss at 0.2dB. Operating temperature is -20C to +70C and minimum bend radius is 1.18in.
Specification: Cable is OM4 50/125 duplex tight buffered. Jacket Material is Polyolefin Halogen Free Flame Retardant Compound for LSZH safety rating. Cable outer diameter is 1.8mm~2.0mm. Connector meets EIA/TIA 604-2 standards with ceramic ferrule. The ferrule is pre-polished for a consequently consistent performance.
We now have available 10 gigabit multimode patch cables and 10 gigabit certified singlemode fiber patch cords and fiber jumprs from simplex 1 meter to 5000 feet and in dupled fiber patch cables and in multifiber MTP Fiber and MPO Fiber configurations. Also we specialize in INDOOR OUTDOOR rated singlemode fiber patch cords with pulling eyes for use in pulls between buuilding to tie in WAN and LANS. Our singlemode and multimode indoor outdoor rated fiber patch cables from 25 to 5,000 feet in 2 to 288 count fibers or whatever length you require- we recommend a pulling eye with all fiber optic assemblies over 100 feet to protect your connectors.
FIBER PRICING PRICING BELOW
FIBER OPTIC Cable ASSEMBLIES- Fiber Optic Patch Cord PRICING BELOW- We Stock Indoor Outdoor
Fiber Optic Jumpers- 10 Gigabit Aqua Fiber Assemblies- PVC and Plenum Jumpers along with Custom Made Fiber Optic Assemblies-Indoor
Outdoor Cables Click on any of the fiber jumpers below to get pricing.All our custom fiber cable jumpers come with certification and test results. All our custom fiber jumpers from 3-5000 feet are 100% guaranteed.
American
Tech Supply stocks thousands of singlemode fiber optic jumpers, singlemode
fiber optic assemblies and multimode fiber optic assemblies and multimode fiber optic jumpers in most types including ST, LC, SC, FC, MTRJ singlemode patch cables and multimode fiber patch cords
along with a complete assortment of multimode fiber optic patch cords including LC multimode, SC multimode jumpers, and ST multimode jumpers and adapters. We stock one of the largest inventories of singlemode fiber optic assemblies and multimode assemblies in the United States.Our singlemode
jumpers, single mode patch cables and single mode assemblies come are available
in a variety of sizes or lengths up to 5000 feeet.
We now have available 10 gigabit multimode patch cables and 10 gigabit certified singlemode fiber patch cords and fiber jumprs from 1 meter to 5000 feet in duplex and multifiber configurations. Also we specialize in INDOOR OUTDOOR rated singlemode fiber patch cords and multimode indoor outdoor rates fiber patch cables from 50 to 5,000 feet or whatever length you require- we recommend a pulling eye with all fiber optic assemblies over 100 feet to protect your connectors.
OM 4 Multimode Assemblies-50 MIC- 50 Micron Fiber Jumpers-For Pricing Click On Fiber Links
American Tech Supply Stocks Some of the
Largest Inventories of Fiber Optic Assemblies In the USA
Besideas one of the largest off the shelf stock fiber optic jumper suppliers- ATS welcomes all your custom fiber cable requirements including HYBRID, MPO-MTP fiber optic cables and cassettes, Military grade , mil spec cable,including armored, steel armored fiber assemblies, plenum rated fiber jumpers and the new multi-pair 10 gigabit aqua fiber optic assemblies. Call us at (866) 342-3721 or email us a no obligation quote today.
Please Note the Fiber Optic Jumper Pricing Below is duplex- We can provide MULTI-PAIR Fiber Jumpers as well.Please click on anyone of the fiber optic assemblies types below and you will get pricing from 1meter to 1000 meters. We welcome customer fiber jumpers of all kinds from the military to research.
We have one of the largest fiber optic custom fiber optic assemblies selections as well at competitive prices. Most of our fiber optic jumpres and patch cables over 15 meters are made in New York or Florida with 1-2 day lead times. Please call for actual lead times.To
ensure the products' performance, our manufacturing process utilizes high quality
connectors with ceramic ferrules (Or Pbronze-if requested), and OFNR riser or
higher graded fiber cables. Our extensive range of fiber cable is available in
900um, 1.6mm and 3mm jacketed fiber wires terminated with state-of-the-art connectors
such as ST, SC, FC, MTRJ and LC types to meet your standard or custom configurations. We offer the finest quality fiber optic assemblies from several manufacturers including OFS, Corning, Emerson, 3M, ADC,Telect and more- American Tech Supply now offers 10 gig fiber optic assemblies and 10 gigabit fiber optic jumpers in both multimode and singlemode. We stock one of the largest arrays of singlemode fiber optic assemblies and multimode fiber optic jumpers in the USA. We can ship most fiber optic jumpers and fiber optic assemblies the same day.
Our large stock covers a complete range of fiber optic patchcords and pigtails in a variety of lengths, colours and connector configurations. including PVC, Plenum, Aqua, Bendinsensitive,ruggedized, Milspec, MULTIFIBER and custom. Our fiber optic patch cable jumpers and assemblies are manufactured in an ISO 9001-2000 certified factories using only the highest quality components. Each fiber optic patch cable jumper is fully tested, to Telcordia standards, for insertion loss and back reflection prior to shipment. Singlemode fiber optic cables are also tested for APEX, radius and undercut . Corning Fiber Cable Assemblies are also available at additional prices.
Call American Tech Supply At (866) FIBER-21 or (866) 342-3721- Don't Gamble With Quality- Buy American
10 Gigabit Fiber Optic Assemblies- 10 Gigabit Fiber Optic Jumpers-MPO patch cords are 12-strand multi-fiber patch cords. Designed with precision molded MT ferrules, our female MPO assemblies are made with precise housings ensuring perfect fiber alignment during mating with MPO cassettes. Its high density design allows for use in compact applications, saving significant amounts of time and overall cost- More Info
We have instock most on the fiber optic assemblies and fiber optic patch cables listed below. ATS provides the highest level of fiber optic patch cords connectivity for all your fiber interconnect applications. Manufactured and tested to the tightest specifications, Our patch cords exceed Telcordia GR-326 requirements. Our precision zirconia ferrules and environmentally rugged connectors and cable assemblies ensure lasting, repeatable connections.Our fiber optic patch cables are optically tested and visually inspected to ensure that fiber optic return loss, insertion loss, and end-face geometry requirements are satisfied. Our proprietary fiber optic connector polishing processes and fiber optic cable assembly techniques provide minimal back reflection and ultra low insertion loss. All ATS supplier facilities worldwide are ISO 9000 registered.
American Tech Supply also carries military grade fiber optic assemblies. These military grade fiber optic assemblies use M28876-27 Connectors offer rugged military and industrial multifiber optical
connectors for shipboard, indoor and outdoor requirements. These connectors are
designed to perform in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Plugs and receptacles have several key options to prevent configuration problems in systems using multiple connectors. The M28876 series products are available with cadmium-plated aluminum and stainless steel. For less critical environments, an aluminum with cadmium plate over electroless nickel may be used. Stainless steel may be an excellent solution for applications where contact with salt spray and other corrosive elements is possible. The M28876 series of connectors uses the M29504/14 & /15 terminals.,
American
Tech Supply can normally ship all our fiber optic jumpers and fiber
optic asesmblies below the SAME
DAY-
provided we get your order before 1pm Pacific Time. We GUARANTEE THE
LOWEST PRICES ON ALL OUR FIBER OPTIC PATCH CABLES incuding our singlemode
jumpers, multimode jumpers, LC jumpers, ST jumpers, SC jumper, MTRJ
jumpers, custom fiber optic assemblies-and fiber optic adapters.
ATS also offer EXTREME DISCOUNTS for all fiber optic assembly orders over 50 pcs. Some discounts for single mode jumpers aand multimode jumpers can befrom 50% to 75% on orders for 50pcs and more.We offer even more discounts for ORDERS OF 100 PCS AND MORE-AT ONE TIME. Call us for additional savings. American
Tech Supply also can provide you with most custom assemblies with 24 hour turnaround.
Call us for quantity discount pricing. American Tech Supply will meet or beat
any written quote from any supplier in the United States! We are American Operated!!
CALL
(866)
342-3721
Please
see our Indoor Outdoor FIBER OPTIC Jumper-Patch Cords Pricing Below
All of our fiber optic assemblies below can be shipped the same day- if the order is placed before 1pm Pacific Time. Custom
fiber optic cable assemblies take 1-3 days to ship in order to meet specific requirements
and specifications.
We specialize in building custom fiber optic cable assemblies to meet specific requirements and specifications. You can choose from assorted fiber optic cables and fiber optic connectors from different manufacturers. We can terminate the fiber optic connector in many different ways, which will save you money without comprising performance. As with all of our fiber optic cable assemblies, all multifiber fiber optic cable assemblies are individually inspected and tested for optical performance. In addition, we can provide CAD drawings to help you with the installation. To ensure the products' performance, our manufacturing process utilizes high quality fiber optic connectors with ceramic ferrules (Or Pbronze-if requested), and OFNR riser or higher graded fiber cables. Our extensive range of fiber optic cable is available in 900um, 1.6mm and 3mm jacketed fiber wires terminated with state-of-the-art connectors such as ST, SC, FC, MTRJ and LC types to meet your standard or custom configurations.
Call (866) 342-3721 Or Click On The Chat Button At The Top Of The Page To Talk To One Of Our Representatives
American Tech Supply stocks thousands of singlemode fiber optic jumpers and singlemode fiber optic assemblies in several types including ST and SC singlemode patch cables along with a complete assortment of fiber optic patch cords including LC singlemode, SC singlemode jumpers, and ST singlemode jumpers and adapters. Our singlemode jumpers, single mode patch cables and single mode assemblies come are available in a variety of sizes. To
ensure the products' performance, our manufacturing process utilizes high quality
connectors with ceramic ferrules (Or Pbronze-if requested), and OFNR riser or
higher graded fiber cables. Our extensive range of fiber cable is available in
900um, 1.6mm and 3mm jacketed fiber wires terminated with state-of-the-art connectors
such as ST, SC, FC, MTRJ and LC types to meet your standard or custom configurations.
American
Tech Supply also can provide you with most custom assemblies with 24 hour turnaround.
Call us for quantity discount pricing. American Tech Supply will meet or beat
any written quote from any supplier in the United States! We are American Operated!!
Call Us For Military Spec Fiber Assemblies and Connestors-MIL-C-28876 Connector Systems
M28876-27 Connectors offer rugged military and industrial multifiber optical connectors for shipboard, indoor and outdoor requirements. These connectors are designed to perform in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Plugs and receptacles have several key options to prevent configuration problems in systems using multiple connectors. The M28876 series products are available with cadmium-plated aluminum and stainless steel. For less critical environments, an aluminum with cadmium plate over electroless nickel may be used. Stainless steel may be an excellent solution for applications where contact with salt spray and other corrosive elements is possible. The M28876 series of connectors uses the M29504/14 & /15 termini.
Quick-turn multi-fiber assemblies are available in 50/125, 62.5/125 and 9/125 singlemode configurations for ST, SC, LC, MT-RJ and FC connectors. 10 Gbps 50/125 and MTP® trunk solutions are included in our Enterprise line, for these 2 items only.Our cable choices include indoor, outdoor, dual use - indoor/outdoor, armored cable, cable in conduit as well as traditional riser, plenum and low smoke / zero-halogen solutions. For part number structure,
We specialize in building custom cable assemblies to meet specific requirements and specifications. You can choose from assorted cables and connectors from different manufacturers. We can terminate the connector in many different ways, which will save you money without comprising performance. As with all of our fiber optic cable assemblies, all multifiber cable assemblies are individually inspected and tested for optical performance. In addition, we provide CAD drawings to help you with the installation. You can choose from assorted fiber optic cables and fiber optic connectors from different manufacturers. We can terminate the fiber optic connector in many different ways, which will save you money without comprising performanceTo ensure the products' performance, our manufacturing process utilizes high quality fiber optic connectors with ceramic ferrules (Or Pbronze-if requested), and OFNR riser or higher graded fiber cables. Our extensive range of fiber optic cable is available in 900um, 1.6mm and 3mm jacketed fiber wires terminated with state-of-the-art connectors such as ST, SC, FC, MTRJ and LC types to meet your standard or custom configurations.
SEE FIBER OPTIC Jumper Pricing Below
We
carry a complete line of Fiber Optic Jumpers , Patch Panels, Fiber Optics Adapters,
Singlemode & Multimode SC, ST, FC, LC, MTRJ Fiber Optic Jumpers, Fiber Optic
Rack Mount Enclosures and Fiber
Optic Enclosures.
-
Variety of cable and connector types: indoor and outdoor, 1 to 288 strands
- 100% optically inspected
-Insertion loss tested; results shipped with each
order
-CAD drawing available upon request for special configurations
-Cable
assembly engineering and technical support available
Call
Our Offices At (866) 342-3721 For Discounted Pricing and Custom Product Ordering
We can make fiber optic patch cords for singlemode jumpers & multimode jumpers and assemblies at any length. We normally have a 1-2 day turn around for 'custom' orders
Always Ask For Special Project VOLUME Pricing- Massive Discounts For 50Pcs or more-Up to 75% Less!!
To
meet the growing demand for quality fiber optic solutions, American Tech Supply
offers a wide range of reliable and affordable fiber optic products. As we move
towards the future, our fiber manufacturer partners seek to solve problems in
today's crowded telecom room and work area by providing small form factor (SFF)
solutions. Our fiber work area outlet boxes fill the need for a smooth transition
in bringing fiber to the desktop. The addition of fiber optic MT-RJ products in
1999, followed by the incorporation of LC products in 2001, shows our commitment
to providing complete quality fiber solutions for all your needs.
Our extensive
fiber optic solutions include fiber optic patch panels, adapters, distribution
enclosures and boxes.ATS also offers fiber optic jumper cables for singlemode
and multimode applications. Every product has been individually tested and certified
to ensure that they exceed the most rigid industry specifications.
Designed
to save both time and money, our fiber optic solutions are versatile and competitively
priced. From the telecom room to the work area, we provides dependable, cost-effective
Fiber Optic Solutions.When challenged to find reliable Fiber Optic Solutions for
your business or customer, turn to ATS, where Quality
Is Always Affordable.
BRIEF
OVER VIEW OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE ADVANTAGES OVER COPPER:
SPEED: Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds - up into the gigabits
BANDWIDTH: large carrying capacity
DISTANCE: Signals can be transmitted
further without needing to be "refreshed" or strengthened.
RESISTANCE: Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors
or other nearby cables.
MAINTENANCE: Fiber optic cables costs much less
to maintain.
In
recent years it has become apparent that fiber-optics are steadily replacing copper
wire as an appropriate means of communication signal transmission. They span the
long distances between local phone systems as well as providing the backbone for
many network systems. Other system users include cable television services, university
campuses, office buildings, industrial plants, and electric utility companies.A
fiber-optic system is similar to the copper wire system that fiber-optics is replacing.
The difference is that fiber-optics use light pulses to transmit information down
fiber lines instead of using electronic pulses to transmit information down copper
lines. Looking at the components in a fiber-optic chain will give a better understanding
of how the system works in conjunction with wire based systems.
At
one end of the system is a transmitter. This is the place of origin for information
coming on to fiber-optic lines. The transmitter accepts coded electronic pulse
information coming from copper wire. It then processes and translates that information
into equivalently coded light pulses. A light-emitting diode (LED) or an injection-laser
diode (ILD) can be used for generating the light pulses. Using a lens, the light
pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic medium where they transmit themselves
down the line.Think
of a fiber cable in terms of very long cardboard roll (from the inside roll of
paper towel) that is coated with a mirror.
If you shine a flashlight in one
you can see light at the far end - even if bent the roll around a corner.Light
pulses move easily down the fiber-optic line because of a principle known as total
internal reflection. "This principle of total internal reflection states
that when the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value, light cannot get out
of the glass; instead, the light bounces back in. When this principle is applied
to the construction of the fiber-optic strand, it is possible to transmit information
down fiber lines in the form of light pulses.
Multimode cable is made of of
glass fibers, with a common diameters in the 50-to-100 micron range for the light
carry component (the most common size is 62.5). POF is a newer plastic-based cable
which promises performance similar to glass cable on very short runs, but at a
lower cost.
Multimode
fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds over medium distances. Light waves
are dispersed into numerous paths, or modes, as they travel through the cable's
core typically 850 or 1300nm. Typical multimode fiber core diameters are 50, 62.5,
and 100 micrometers. However, in long cable runs (greater than 3000 feet [914.4
ml), multiple paths of light can cause signal distortion at the receiving end,
resulting in an unclear and incomplete data transmission. The use of fiber-optics
was generally not available until 1970 when Corning Glass Works was able to produce
a fiber with a loss of 20 dB/km. It was recognized that optical fiber would be
feasible for telecommunication transmission only if glass could be developed so
pure that attenuation would be 20dB/km or less. That is, 1% of the light would
remain after traveling 1 km. Today's optical fiber attenuation ranges from 0.5dB/km
to 1000dB/km depending on the optical fiber used. Attenuation limits are based
on intended application.
The
applications of optical fiber communications have increased at a rapid rate, since
the first commercial installation of a fiber-optic system in 1977. Telephone companies
began early on, replacing their old copper wire systems with optical fiber lines.
Today's telephone companies use optical fiber throughout their system as the backbone
architecture and as the long-distance connection between city phone systems. Cable
television companies have also began integrating fiber-optics into their cable
systems. The trunk lines that connect central offices have generally been replaced
with optical fiber. Some providers have begun experimenting with fiber to the
curb using a fiber/coaxial hybrid. Such a hybrid allows for the integration of
fiber and coaxial at a neighborhood location. This location, called a node, would
provide the optical receiver that converts the light impulses back to electronic
signals. The signals could then be fed to individual homes via coaxial cable.
Local Area Networks (LAN) is a collective group of computers, or computer systems,
connected to each other allowing for shared program software or data bases. Colleges,
universities, office buildings, and industrial plants, just to name a few, all
make use of optical fiber within their LAN systems.
Power
companies are an emerging group that have begun to utilize fiber-optics in their
communication systems. Most power utilities already have fiber-optic communication
systems in use for monitoring their power grid systems.